Canadian Sales Tax Rates by Province and Territory

Guns Are A Controversial Topic - 1397 Words

Guns are a very controversial topic for almost all people. There is a good amount of people who are progun, for reasons such as self-defense, hunting, and so on. There is also a good amount of people who are antigun, for reasons such as they kill people, they are dangerous, and so on. The people who own them, view guns as tools or toys, vs. the people who are scared of them, view them as killing machines. There are many different views, thoughts, and opinions on guns, but there is only one that is right. In â€Å"Get a Knife, Get a Dog, but Get Rid of Guns† by Molly Ivins, the author is antigun. She claims to be proknife, which is very interesting seeing as a good portion of the reason why people are antigun is because guns kill people and you†¦show more content†¦t This making her point here not make sense, because if the point was to cause less murders and attacks it would not be very effective. It would be a better, more effective, idea for her to have been anti gu n and anit knife, so basically anit weapon. Molly Ivins claims to take what the second amendment says literally, but she does not do this very well. The second amendment says, â€Å"A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of the free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed†(qtd in Ivins323). Notice it says nothing about the people who own guns having to be part of the well-regulated militia, which she claims here, â€Å"It says quite clearly that guns are for those who form part of a well-regulated militia, that is, the armed force, including the National Guard.†(Ivins324). The amendment truly just says that in order to have a militia people must have the right to own guns, which is something the author does not include in her interpretation. Where she was going with her interpretation can be seen and it does make sense in a way, but in the end it just seems like she made it so it fit here viewpoint. Ivins also say, â€Å"Fourteen-year-old boys are not part of a well-regulated militia.†(Ivins323). This should not even be included, because of the fact that fourteen-year-old boys cannot even legally own guns. This means that they would have gotten them illegaly, so if

Dont Judge D Buk by Its Covrr Free Essays

Don’t judge a book by its cover means not to judge people or things by what they look like from the outside. People shouldn’t be judged by how they look but be judged by their actions. It actually means that people cannot be judged by what they appear like to you at first, it is necessary to get to know them and â€Å"read† them before you can judge them It means not to judge people by the way they look or act. We will write a custom essay sample on Dont Judge D Buk by Its Covrr or any similar topic only for you Order Now Something very powerful can be inside them. it means dont judge a person on how they look and only judge them on who they really are! If you judge a book by it’s cover is to judge someone or something before you get to know them or try it. Such as if someone looks funny and you don’t know them you shouldn’t make fun of them because they could turn out to be the nicest person you ever met. Also if someone advertises for a product and you don’t think it will work you shouldn’t because it might work really good and it will be fun and/or good for you to have. On the other hand something could look good and be really bad. So if someone is really pretty that doesn’t mean ‘Oh, that person is really pretty they must be nice! ‘ They could be really stuck up and mean. Or if something looks shiny and new and people on TV. say it works really good it could be bad. The meaning of the saying ‘never judge a book by its cover’ is that we can’t simply judge people only by their appearances. But, this is not always true. For instance, if an employer wants to recruit an employee and hundreds of people apply, the employer will probably narrow the list down based on first impressions. In other words, the employer is judging them by their ‘cover’ to save time. But when it comes to choosing friends, we have to choose carefully. Some people might be bad for us. If we choose them wrongly, the consequences are very serious – the wrong kinds of friends can create all kinds of trouble for us. I think, rather than judging a book by its cover, we need to read the content of the book and base our judgments on what we see there. You shouldn’t form an opinion on someone or something based purely on what you see on the surface, because usually after taking a deeper look, the person or thing will not be what you expected it to be. When looking for something to read, people will often times only glance at the cover of a book before making a decision. Due to this, many books get overlooked merely due to the title or picture on the front of them being unappealing to the eye. However, if one were to open the book up and peer into its contents, they’d probably find that they were missing out on some interesting and valuable information. Hence, don’t judge a book by its cover! The phrase is also applied to people. How? Well, before getting to know someone, a person tends to first judge others based on their outward appearance, their nationality, or other external factors. It’s a shame, though, because while a person might look rough on the outside, you can never truly know what they are like on the inside unless you ‘open’ them up and get to know them How to cite Dont Judge D Buk by Its Covrr, Essay examples

Role of Strategic Leadership Styles

Question: Discuss about the Role of Strategic Leadership Styles. Answer: Introduction: Leadership indicates a process including tangible and intangible skills. These skills include wisdom, integrity and presence. The leadership can be developed through personal evaluation, insight and desire to go. The leaderships concept indicates the emerging discipline that continues to progress very moment (Burt et al., 2013). Without implementing proper leadership style in the business, the organization would not be able to enhance the business opportunity in an appropriate manner. In this particular assignment, I will illustrate the definition of the leadership in an efficient manner (Yeung et al., 2012). Throughout this assignment, I will structure the reflective essay based on four categories. This particular reflective essay will discuss how my definition of leader has evolved from week one to week nine. Besides this, the particular reflective essay will highlight my learning and understanding on this particular subject. Fourthly, I will critically discuss the about the leader ship development opportunities in the future. On the other hand, I will shed lights on the opportunities for developing the leadership skills throughout my working life. Main body: In this paragraph, I will examine what I have learned about the definition of leadership from week 1 to week 9. At the initial stage, my opinion on the leadership was that the leadership is one of the key factors for executing the business in a systematic manner. Besides this, the leadership facilitates the organization to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. In Week 1 from, Christison Murray et al. (2012), I have learned that the leadership is an organized process that enhances the business opportunities in an effectual manner. Moreover, on that particular week, I was able to learn about the leadership triangle that consists of three individual elements including the leader, followers, and the organizational settings. I have learned from Chuang (2013), the difference between manager and leaders. The managers are responsible for the business execution process, budgeting, and organizing. Moreover, the managers are responsible for the staffing and controlling in the b usiness. On the other hand, the leaders are responsible for establishing the direction in the business. Most of the time, the leaders facilitates the organization to enhance the productivity by simply motivating the employees in the business. According to Ciulla (2013), without motivating the employees, the organizations would not be able to improve their business enhancement process within a short timeframe. Hence, it can be assessed that the leaders play an integral role in improving the workability of the employees. However, initially, I had a belief that the leaders and managers play the same role in the business, and they both are responsible for the enhancement of the business. On the contrary, Drennan, Richey (2012) have argued that the managers and leaders are not the different people, as many managers have the potentiality to become the great leaders. In an organization, both leaders and managers play an integral role in enhancing the business opportunities in an effectual manner. Sometimes, they are dependent on each other. For instances, the leaders convey the messages of the employees or staffs to the higher management. Moreover, Franke Felfe (2012) have highlighted the fact that the leaders can understand the employees requirements in the business. Without understanding the demands of the employee, the organizations would not be able to enhance the workability in an effective manner. On the other hand, the leaders often provide the emotional security to the employees during a hard time in business. Hence, it can be assessed that at the end of a ninth week of study on the leadership, I was able to enhance my knowledge about the particular study. Moreover, it facilitates me to clear my understanding on the different job role of leaders and managers. This paragraph will consist of my learning about the particular subject that would be beneficial for my future work and me. Through the engagement of this study, I have learned about the different beneficial aspects of the particular study. Moreover, it will facilitate me to understand my key area for development. Throughout the classes, I have learned that the leadership not only relies upon a set of skills but also depends on the individual personalities including integrity, courage, enthusiasm and humanity. In the 2nd and 3rd week, I have understood the different leadership approaches including behavioral approach, trait approach, etc. The effective leadership must consist of these approaches so that the outcome of the business can be productive. Besides the effective leadership, I have also learned about the impacts of situational leadership on the business. According to Hancock, Dyk Jones (2012), the leaders have different personal traits including intelligence, honesty, trusti ness, self-confidence, appearance, etc. These personal traits indeed distinguish a leader from others in the organization. () have discussed the five different types of leadership styles including Laissez-Faire, Autocratic, and Participative, transactional and transformational. The autocratic leadership allows the managers to implement some decision in the organization for executing the business in an effective manner. With the involvement of this particular leadership style, the organization would be able to make a close observation on the employees so that they could enhance their individual performance. Johansen (2012) has discussed that the participative leadership style indicates a democratic style of managing a team in the business. In this particular leadership style, the leaders value the decisions of team members. On the other hand, Kalargyrou, Pescosolido Kalargiros (2012) have explained five different sources of power including legitimate power, reward power, coercion or punishment power, and personal power. The transformational leadership style depends on the high level of communication from the management, and this particular style facilitates the organization to meet the goals and objectives of the business (Storey, 2016). Neumann Neumann, E. F. (2013) have identified the fact that the leaders motivate the employees for delivering the high-class performance in the business. Without delivering the enhanced performance, the employees would not be able to enhance the business opportunity of the organization. Hence, in the 5th week, I have learned that the implementation of the leadership style in an organization depends on the goal and objectives of the business. By analyzing the Hersey and Blanchards Situational Theory, I have learned that the leader can adopt any one from four leadership styles including telling, selling, participating and delegating. However, the adoption of the leadership style is based on the combination of relationship and t ask behavior. In the 5th week, I was able to understand the core values and ethical conduct of a leader. The impact of the leaders can be identified through organizational performance. Finally, during the week 7 and week 9, I have learned about the transactional and Laissez-Faire leadership style and its impact on the business performance. Rosenberg, Heimler Morote (2012) have argued that the Laissez-faire leaders often lack the direct supervision of employees. Consequently, it fails to deliver the regular feedbacks to the employees. On the other hand, the managers employing transactional leadership style into the business often receive certain tasks to perform and provide rewards or punishments to the team members based on the individual performance result (Smith Lewis, 2012). After the accomplishment of week 9, I was also able to identify the impact of Hofstedes cultural dimensions explaining the power of distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism or collectivism, masculinit y or femininity and time and relationship. Hence, it can be assessed that the knowledge acquired by me through week 1 to 9 is quite important for me to build my leadership career in future. The particular paragraph will discuss how the class reading, activities, discussion, films and other observations have facilitated me to understand and the leadership concepts into my work experiences. During the 1st week, I have learned the true background of leaders from one of the YouTube videos called Qualities of leadership (2008). According to the video, Leaders do not force people to follow, they invite them on a journey. This particular subject has facilitated to understand the relationship between a leader and his followers. On the other hand, during the discussion at 9th week, I had to analyze the appropriate or existing leadership styles engaging into developed, developing and under-developed country. It was a quite amazing experience for me, as I was able to understand the global leadership process and its background. Moreover, the particular subject has facilitated me in identifying the different factors of the global leadership. By analyzing the particular video, I have understood the fact that paternalistic or the directorial leadership strategies are more applicable to under-developed countries, whereas the directive strategies are applicable for the developing countries. Besides this, the developed countries employ the innovative, creative, participative, entrepreneurial and the charismatic leadership style (Siewiorek et al., 2012). I have understood that the leaders are required to have powerful communication for managing the team in an effectual manner. Without having the enhanced communication skills, the leaders would not be able to make employee understand about their individual job role. Another video of Adolf Hitler (2 012), a powerful leader with strong communication ability has facilitated me in understanding the need of the strong communication skills. Strong communication skills can form both constructive and destructive leadership. In this paragraph, I will discuss where I would be able to access the leadership development opportunities in the future. Moreover, I will discuss that how my study would facilitate me to improve my leadership skills throughout the entire working life. By acquiring the knowledge on the leadership skills and its impacts on the business, I have enhanced my opportunity to develop the future in an effective manner. On the other hand, I have come across through different learning sessions that facilitate in improving my knowledge on the particular subject. First, I will take the leadership training from a professional and experienced individual for developing my leadership skills in an effectual manner. Without taking the professionals advice on the leadership skills, I would not be able to identify my flaws in this particular subject. On the other hand, the mentor plays an integral role in the enhancement of the individual performance (Schoemaker, Krupp Howland, 2013). There are several benefits of hiring a leader. For instance, by involving a mentor, I would be able to understand the process of motivating team members in an effectual manner. On the other hand, the mentor would provide me the enhanced knowledge about gaining negotiate complex contracts benefiting all aspects of the business. I need to set out an annual professional budget for enhancing my leadership career. Although the initial cost will be high, it will provide adequate opportunities to improve my leadership skill in an efficient manner. On the other hand, I would like to take participate in the organizational leadership training programs so that I could improve my knowledge on the leadership. By improving my flaws and learning new things, I would try to be a leader, who would be responsible for taking any challenges at any point in time. Hence, I can assess that my learning experiences would facilitate me in being an effective leader in the business. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the particular reflective essay highlights my knowledge enhancement process on the leadership skills. In this particular assignment, I have provided the detailed discussion on how I accumulate knowledge on the leadership skills throughout 9 weeks of learning session. On the other hand, the particular section has highlighted my understanding on the differentiation between leaders and managers. Besides, this particular reflective essay has discussed about different aspects of the leadership trait. After the accomplishment of the particular study, I was able to identify the challenges of the leaders in the organizations. Moreover, the particular study has provided me adequate knowledge on the different characteristics of the leaders. While studying the different forms of leadership approaches, I identify the democratic or participative leadership approach as one of the best possible solution for achieving organizational goals and objectives. However, other leade rship approaches including Autocratic leadership, transformational and transactional leadership also play integral role in the enhancement process of the business. The implementation of the leadership approaches into the business may differ depending on the objectives of the business. Aside this, I was able to understand the cross-cultural leadership through analyzing Hofstede five dimensions model. Moreover, the particular study has facilitated me in understanding the roles and responsibilities of the leaders belonging to the different culture and geographical location. Finally, it can be assessed that I have acquired adequate knowledge on leadership at the end of the ninth week of my study. References: Burt, I., Patel, S. H., Butler, S. K., Gonzalez, T. (2013). Integrating leadership skills into anger management groups to reduce aggressive behaviors: The LIT model.Journal of Mental Health Counseling,35(2), 124. Christison, M., Murray, D. E. (Eds.). (2012).Leadership in English language education: Theoretical foundations and practical skills for changing times. Routledge. Chuang, S. F. (2013). Essential skills for leadership effectiveness in diverse workplace development.Online Journal for Workforce Education and Development,6(1), 5. Ciulla, J. B. (2013).Leadership ethics. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Drennan, F. S., Richey, D. (2012). Skills-based leadership.Professional safety,57(2), 59. Franke, F., Felfe, J. (2012). Transfer of leadership skills.Journal of Personnel Psychology. Hancock, D., Dyk, P. H., Jones, K. (2012). Adolescent involvement in extracurricular activities: Influences on leadership skills.Journal of Leadership Education,11(1), 84-101. Johansen, R. (2012).Leaders make the future: Ten new leadership skills for an uncertain world. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Kalargyrou, V., Pescosolido, A. T., Kalargiros, E. A. (2012). Leadership skills in management education.Academy of Educational Leadership Journal,16(4), 39. Neumann, Y., Neumann, E. F. (2013). The president and the college bottom line: The role of strategic leadership styles.Library Consortium Management: An International Journal. Rosenberg, S., Heimler, R., Morote, E. S. (2012). Basic employability skills: a triangular design approach.Education+ Training,54(1), 7-20. Schoemaker, P. J., Krupp, S., Howland, S. (2013). Strategic leadership: The essential skills.Harvard business review,91(1), 131-134. Siewiorek, A., Saarinen, E., Lainema, T., Lehtinen, E. (2012). Learning leadership skills in a simulated business environment.Computers Education,58(1), 121-135. Smith, W. K., Lewis, M. W. (2012). Leadership skills for managing paradoxes.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,5(2), 227-231. Storey, J. (Ed.). (2016).Leadership in Organizations: Current Issues and Key Trends. Routledge. Yeung, J. H., Ong, G. J., Davies, R. P., Gao, F., Perkins, G. D. (2012). Factors affecting team leadership skills and their relationship with quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Critical care medicine,40(9), 2617-2621.

Masking Poor Communication Essay Example

Masking Poor Communication Paper Article Critique: Masking Poor Communication Brandi N. Ervin COM 200: Interpersonal Communication Instructor: Benae Lambright May 09, 2011 Masking Poor Communication Yes this has happen to me on several occasions, Sometimes my husband and I will bump heads because of a simple gesture or look on ones face. What I have done to correct this is to simply ask if whatever I’m trying to communicate is understood or if he has questions as to the subject at hand. After reading and doing some research on this week’s assignment I came across some interesting points. People commonly believe that they communicate better with close friends than with strangers. That closeness can lead people to overestimate how well they communicate, a phenomenon we term the closeness-communication bias,' study co-author Boaz Keysar, a professor in psychology at the University of Chicago, said in a university news release  © 2011 HealthDay. I have found that sometimes its just plan miscommunication between us an example of this is I would say to my husband, its getting hot in here, as a hint for her him to turn up the air conditioning a notch, I was surprised when he interpreted my statement as a coy, amorous advance instead this has happen in many other simple conversations. I amazed me after reading more on this the article â€Å"Close Relationships Sometimes Mask Poor Communication†. I do this al the time not only with my Husband but family and friends as well. Not to sat that my intentions were to mislead anyone, but this article rang close to home. We will write a custom essay sample on Masking Poor Communication specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Masking Poor Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Masking Poor Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As an effort to make sure that I don’t find myself in the miscommunication habit, I will have to practice and evaluate my communicative skills daily. I also believe that it’s very easy to expect someone close to you to understand you, but it more complex than that. I will have to not take for granted that those close to me are always on the page. I found through research six key steps to communicate better with others Use open-ended questions, Active Listening, Create a cocoon† If youre finding it particularly difficult to concentrate on what someone is saying, try to imagine a â€Å"cocoon† around you and the person youre listening to. Imagine that the cocoon is blocking out all outside distractions, so you can really focus on what theyre saying. Try repeating their words mentally as they say it this will reinforce their message and help you control mind drift† Copyright  © 2006-2011 VideoJug Corporation Limited, Engage with the other person, Assumptions (stop assuming), and Don’t use Antagonistic sentences like â€Å"You should know me better†, â€Å"Why are you trying to upset me? , â€Å"Youve never understood me†, â€Å"I thought we were going to enjoy ourselves†. These are antagonistic sentences. I must say these six steps have had a dramatic affect. [pic] References: 1. http://www. mindtools. com/page8. html 2. http://www. videojug. com/film/how-to-talk-to-people-better-communication-skills 3. http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? ReqType=301=0GSM3D4P8S=WELCOME=1

12 Evocative Words That Include Ae

12 Evocative Words That Include Ae 12 Evocative Words That Include â€Å"Ae† 12 Evocative Words That Include â€Å"Ae† By Mark Nichol There’s something about the digraph ae that lends it a dignity and an aura. Perhaps it’s the vowel combination’s ubiquity as a plural marker taken directly from Latin (antennae, nebulae, and so on). Maybe it’s the frequency of its appearance in classical nomenclature (maenad, praetor, and the like). Whatever the reason, words in which ae appears are often vivid in their evocations. Here are some of my favorites: 1. Aegis: Originally the name of a shield associated with Zeus and Athena, the word later came to mean any protective shield or garment signifying that one was under divine protection. The meaning now extends to protection in general, as well as influence, sponsorship, or guidance. 2. Aerie: This word for an eagle’s nest lends itself well to the description or name of a mountain fastness. 3. Aether: This is a variant of ether, which refers to practically to an organic compound but also has figurative and theoretical connotations as well as denoting an element once thought to constitute outer space. In this sense, â€Å"the aether† is synonyms with â€Å"the heavens.† The adjectival form is aethereal, one of the most elegant words I know. 4. Brae: A Scots term (from a Norse word for â€Å"eyelid†) referring to a hillside, especially one overlooking a river. Many words in Scots, such as naething for nothing and waeful for woeful, indicate how their pronunciation of English words diverges. 5. Caesura: A caesura is a break or interruption, especially a rhythmic or rhetorical pause in poetry. 6. Chimaera: Originally the name of a specific mythical creature consisting of anatomical features of various real animals or of similar beings such as centaurs, this word, often in the modern form chimera, is used in science to refer to an organism with genetically distinct cells. It also applies, in architectural, to such decorative yet practical features as rain spouts in the form of gargoyles or other imaginary or actual animals. But perhaps its most interesting usage is to denote an illusion, fantasy, or fancy. 7. Daemon: This archaic spelling of demon invokes its original pre-Christian sense of â€Å"soul.† (Philip Pullman used it in his remarkable His Dark Materials fantasy trilogy to refer to human souls manifested as familiar-like animals.) 8. Faerie: This word, often capitalized, refers to the realm of the fairies and/or other supernatural beings, into which unsuspecting and often unfortunate mortals are often lured. The origin of the word is the Latin term fata, referring to the Fates, who in classical mythology determined one’s destiny. 9. Jaeger: This word meaning â€Å"hunter,† also sometimes referring to elite soldiers, is spelled jger in its native German. 10. Lacunae: This is the plural form of lacuna, Latin for â€Å"gap† as well as â€Å"pit† and pool (ultimately from lacus, â€Å"lake,† and the source of the word lagoon). It refers to an omitted segment or a period of silence, as well as a space in or a lack of something. As such, it alludes to the mystery of the missing. 11. Maelstrom: This word for an often permanent whirlpool capable of drowning people and swallowing small watercraft but not larger vessels (literally, â€Å"mill stream† with mill in the sense of grinding) evokes calamity and diabolical forces. 12. Phaeton: The name of the ill-fated son of Helios, the Greek sun god, who burned out when he took his father’s sun-chariot for a joyride, was employed in Victorian times to refer to a type of carriage. The word’s highfalutin airs makes it a suitable ironic appellation for a junky jalopy or a humble farmer’s wagon. These and other terms that include ae can inspire new nomenclature for fiction writers or provide allusive opportunities. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?"Owing to" vs "Due to"7 Other Types of Pronouns

You can decide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

You can decide - Essay Example It was believed that on the Pleistocene gravel at Piltdown in Sussex, a thick human-like skull comprising of a jawbone, skull and a few teeth was discovered. This unearthing was to serve as a ‘missing link’ between human species and the apes. It was first unearthed by a laborer who was digging within the Piltdown area, who later on passed it to Charles Dawson. Charles Darwin had a theory published 50 years ago before the unearthing at Piltdown which was entitled â€Å"Theory of evolution.† He claimed that all human beings descended from a common ancestry and thus man and apes were alike. As a result of his ideologies, which were never proven since no fossil remains of early man were discovered, discrepancies arose and these played a major role in the influence of cultures, the church, and religion. In the frantic efforts to discover evidence to support Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, fossil components of early man were unearthed in Germany, France and Spain. On the other hand, the British/England had no early discovered ‘Neanderthal English man.’ Charles Dawson was a skilled lawyer. He was also somehow experienced in matters archeology related. In this case, he thus acted as a solicitor and an amateur fossil hunter who (alone or together with accomplices) played a critical role in the discovery of the Piltdown man. At that time, Sir Arthur Smith Woodward served as the keeper for geological evidence at the National History Museum. It is thereby imperative to note that, Charles Dawson was seeking a greater audience through Arthur Smith Woodward using his discovered fossil entities. Arthur Smith Woodward worked at the British National History Museum and was involved in keeping geological evidence. Together with Charles Dawson, they embarked in an exhilarating journey to discover further evidence to support Charles Dawson’s initial claim. They thus came to discover animal fossils, primeval stone tools, a jawbone with two teeth and

Australian government business relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Australian government business relations - Essay Example An interest group, also known as a 'Lobby Group', 'advocacy group', 'pressure group' or 'special interest-group', is a group of supporters that are trying to control, give confidence or prevent changes in civic policy without being designated to administrative centers, often in the cause of businesses (The Minerals Council of Australia) or political affairs (Australian Refugee Lobby) (Fitzgerald, 2006). In Australia, the earliest populist and highly-influential interest group initially appeared in 1905 with the 'Australian National Defence League', latterly pursued by 'The Universal Service League' in 1915, (Mark Hearn, 8th July 2003) which grouped the administration to set up staffing and necessary armed services. The concept of an "interest" group dates from Thrasymachus's assertion in the Republic of Plato that "justice is nothing else than the interest of the stronger." (Helpman 2001) Throughout much of this discourse, Socrates and Thrasymachus discuss the proposal of interest. T hey locate interest hard to describe because it would come out that every person may have both self-centeredness and a communal interest, which might cause disagreement. They argue that each profession has its own interest, which is the "excellence" of that profession (Grossman and Helpman 2001). These groups play an optimistic role owing to ... Long before any bill reaches the assemblies for its primary reading the interest groups will probably have to mark it with their operation in the justification of, or development of the interests of the businesses or group that they stand for. Australia has hundreds of interest groups actively operating both in central and state political affairs. In Canberra only there are more than 150 interest groups and dedicated group mentors. The business is closely coupled with political information, and frequently "retired" government bureaucrats will get service with interest groups as 'consultants' and work for the betterment of society. The Industry has a profits of more than one billion Australian dollars (Julian Fitzgerald, 2006. p12) making it a money-spinning professional choice, as can be perceived in the cases of previous Premier Bob Carr (Fitzgerald, 2006). Total Interest Groups Spending in Australia 1998 $1.45 Billion 1999 $1.45 Billion 2000 $1.57 Billion 2001 $1.63 Billion 2002 $1.83 Billion 2003 $2.06 Billion 2004 $2.19 Billion 2005 $2.42 Billion 2006 $2.54 Billion (Australia, total lobbying spending, 2006, online) As Fels, Dean of The Australian School of administration once declared: "There isn't anything erroneous with 'interest groups' per se. It is a justifiable part of a healthy democratic system and society" (online). This is the directing illumination of the existing commonwealth Australian regime. Since 1996, twenty five per cent of two hundred former workers of the Howard administration have turned out to be 'lobbyists' or members of interest groups. One hundred previous personnel of the Hawke/Keating administrations are also soundly mended with

Role of the Family Nurse Practitioner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Role of the Family Nurse Practitioner - Essay Example Similarly, the status of FNP practice in Texas is compared with that of Hawaii, Florida, Mississippi, and Tennessee, with regard to (a) prescriptive Privileges, (b) collaboration agreements/supervision requirements, (c) Nurse Practitioner regulation bodies in each state, and (d) any other practice significant information. The role of the Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) in the modern health care industry is often highlighted and training in FNP has become one of the essential aspects in the diagnosis and management of various common and complex medical conditions. Nurse Practitioners (NPs), in general, offer considerable contribution to the health care sector and the NPs "are registered nurses who are prepared beyond initial nursing education in an NP program to provide primary care directly to patients. The profession originated in the mid-1960s in response to shortages of physicians (MDs). NP educational requirements, certification mechanisms and legal scopes of practice are decided at the state level and vary considerably" (Christian, Dower, and O'Neil, 2007, p. 4). Significantly, Family nurse practitioners offer a wide range of health care services in the contemporary health care scenario and their service is particularly important for families. It is, therefore, fundamental to undertake a reflect ive exploration of the meaning and scope of the Family Nurse Practitioner, the current and future educational entry into practice requirements for the FNP, the role of the Family Nurse Practitioner in relation to the Family Practice Physician, Physician's Assistant, Chiropractor, and Clinical Nurse Specialist etc. Meaning of FNP: What is a Family Nurse Practitioner Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) has been realized as one of the important specialties of Nurse Practitioner (NP) which refers to a registered nurse with detailed advanced nursing education and training in the diagnosis and management of various intricate medical conditions. The Frontier School of Midwifery & Family Nursing defines a Family nurse practitioner as "a registered nurse who has completed specific advanced nursing education -generally a master's degree- and training in the diagnosis and management of common as well as complex medical conditions. Nurse Practitioners provide a broad range of health care services" (Frontier School of Midwifery & Family Nursing, 2008). Therefore, family nurse practitioners are people with specific advanced nursing education and training and they engage in various types of medical practices in conjunction with the physicians. According to the definition by California University's school of nursing, "a family nurse practitioner meets the health c are needs of the family by providing health assessments, direct care, and guidance, teaching, or counseling as appropriate, particularly around family self-care. The FNP typically works collaboratively with family primary care physicians and other professionals within the health care system" (School of Nursing: California University, 2007). Accordingly, apart from the to conventional practice in an office, clinic, or ambulatory

Restorative Justice | An analysis

Restorative Justice | An analysis Introduction Restorative Justice is often known as the term used to describe meetings in which people affected by crime talk about their experience, the damage and harm caused, in addition to discussing how the situation can be repaired, on a direct and personal level. Government research shows that Restorative Justice is coveted by around half of victims, helping victims who choose to take part, but reducing their desire for revenge and by relieving any undue stress that has come to fruition as a result of the victims experience. It has been argued that custodial sentences do not rehabilitate offenders, particularly those offenders who had committed minor/petty crimes. Many offenders, once released, would have strengthened their overall knowledge of crimes, gaining information from fellow inmates. Therefore, custodial punishments could be seen as considerably more harmful for the offender compared to community sentences. Prisons always do harm. Thats the most important thing that people have to get into their heads: that prison always does harm (McLellan, 2006:10) Restorative Justice allows victims the opportunity to inform their offenders of the true impact that the crime they committed had on the victims life, helping them to get answers to their questions and to receive an apology for the overall experience that they encountered. It gives the offenders the chance to repent and understand the significant impact of what they have done and to do something to repair the damage and harm caused. A great positive concerning restorative justice is that it has the potential to unite offenders, victims and local communities together to resolve any problems, and to settle on a response to a particular crime. Its crucial for the process of restorative justice to put victims needs at the centre of the criminal justice system and, drawing on positive solutions to crime by support them in order for the offender to face up to their actions. Within the criminal justice system, restorati ve justice conferences allow offenders, victims and their respective family members and friends to come together to explore how those involved in the incident had been affected and, when possible, to decide how to repair the harm and meet their own needs. A victim can request a restorative justice approach to help an offender comprehend and understand how the crime has affected their life, and/or other peoples lives in the process, to gain information, helping put the crime behind them and aiming to come to terms/forget their experience and personal ordeal, and to openly forgive the offender for their actions. Restorative Justice also aids offenders, with trials within the United Kingdom highlighting that the process of Restorative Justice significantly reduces the number of crimes offenders commit, with an average of 27% fewer crimes committed by offenders who had taken part in a restorative justice conference. Restorative Justice is also beneficial in terms of finance, as it has b een underlined that restorative justice saves the criminal justice system up to  £8 for every  £1 spent delivering the Restorative Justice Service. Restorative Justice assists offenders to account for what they have done, directly and personally, in addition to helping the victims to proceed with their lives. Restorative Justices is not only used successfully within the Criminal Justice System, but also in local communities, school, at work, and within other institutions across the country. (Restorative Justice Consortium (RJC)) Various techniques are used to bring the offender and victim together, to discuss the impact the crime has had, on both of their lives, futherly helping both parties to leave the incident behind them and continue with their lives. Direct mediation involves the victim, offender, facilitator and potentially other supporters for each party who come together to meet face to face, discussing the experience and incident as a whole. Similar to direct mediation is involving the wider community whereas indirect mediation concerns the victim and offender who communicate through letters which are passed between them by a facilitator. Conferencing is another technique used, which involves supporters from both parties. Restorative justice is carried out in many different forms and structures; however, each and every variety within restorative justice contains common/similar traits. When concerned with criminal cases, each and every victim is given the opportunity to express the full impact of the crime upon their lives. Offenders can also contribute by expressing their feelings and views concerning the crime, explain on a personal level why the crime was committed and similarly to the victim, explain how the incident has had on their life. In social justice cases, those less fortunate and impoverished people such as foster children are given a similar opportunity to express their opinions and points of view for their futures, and being encourag ed to plan their futures, thus avoiding involvement in committing crimes. However, only a small minority of young adolescents have access to Restorative Justice. The Restorative Justice Consortium (RJC) consider their consortium to be the national voice of restorative justice with their vision being for every person harmed by conflict to have the opportunity to resolve it through a restorative processproviding independent information about Restorative Justice to the public; support and resource our members who deliver Restorative Justice and promote the development and use of Restorative Justice. (Restorative Justice Consortium (RJC)) Restorative Justice Unit Victim-Offender Family Group Conferences is one method/process used within restorative justice, where conferences are organised by the Restorative Justice Unit (RJU) in reaction to referrals from victims, offenders, as well as anybody else considered to be involved in the situation. The programme occurs once the offenders sentence has been concluded, allowing victims to put across their point of view even once offender has been sentenced to jail or to a community alternative. Agreement on participation within the video conference must take place between the offender and the victim. Whilst participating in the conferences, the offender and victim(s) can meet together with their respective parties. Each and every participant has the chance to discuss the crime and the impact that this has had on their lives. Once this has occurred they then come to an agreement about what needs to be done to help to repair some of the damage and minimise future harm. The agreement is called a Conferenc e Agreement. This arrangement may include an apology, community service work, repair of damage to property, personal repayment as well as an undertaking by the offender to seek counselling, support or treatment. (Restorative Justice Consortium (RJC)) Restorative justice contains many benefits and positives. For example, whereas traditional justice can be seen to be about punishing offenders for committing crimes against the British Government/Nation, restorative justice solely concerns offenders and their victims, aiming to make making amends directly, with the people and victims involved. Restorative justice assists victims to speak and discuss their criminal experience as a victim within the criminal justice system, in addition to acknowledging the explanations of both parties concerned, building confidence and a rapport that ultimately leads to the offender making amends for their actions, and the damaging effect their actions caused upon an innocent member of society. Studies on restorative justice indicate the that restorative justice approaches help to reduce post-traumatic stress disorder in victims , and in many, deter offender from crime, as well as motivating offenders to avoid further criminal behaviour. Some may believe restorative justice to be an easy and simple process to go through, however it should not be considered a soft option as many offenders find it extremely difficult to face up to the impact of their crimes, committed by themselves. There are many types of restorative justice approaches including, offenders removing graffiti, repairing property that has been damaged, bringing shoplifters face to face with store managers to hear how shop theft affects others, and also getting offenders to write letters of apology to those who have been affected as a result of their own criminal behaviour. McCold and Wachtel bring to light that restorative practices have a clear and defined history within the concepts of restorative justice. The Interna tional Institute for Restorative Practices (IIRP) continues to develop comprehensive framework to be put into practice, with theory that aims to expand concept and hypothesis of restorative justice further afar than its original ideas in criminal justice. Restorative practices continue to emerge in term of practice and study, which are devoted to structuring and realising social discipline, through social participation in restorative justice Involved Steps Steps have been taken to considerably promote restorative justice within the criminal just system. Restorative justice is essentially committed to putting victims at the forefront of the criminal justice system, in order to have their say and reflect upon the experience they encountered, assisting the criminal justice system in the reduction of crime within the United Kingdom. Recent restorative justice strategies include introducing more restorative justice processes into the criminal justice system such as weve introduced restorative police cautioning , as well as aspiring to offer 75% of all victims of youth crime participation in restorative processes. Restorative justice also looks to develop an evidence headquarters for the use of restorative justice through funding a number of pilots on topics like the relationship between restorative justice and prevention of re-offending, in addition to developing and introducing constructive, practical and valuable guidelines for people wor king in restorative justice. Mc Cold continues to inform us of how restorative justice has been applied to property offences, as well as civil and criminal offences. However, it has been deemed as unsuitable for drug offences, sexual assault and domestic violence. However, areas of Australia and New Zealand are amongst the nations who have chosen to deal with juvenile sexual offences using restorative justice. Indigenous and native areas of Canada have implemented different approaches, such as circle sentencing, to tentatively deal with domestic violence. Supporters believe that this may be suitable to these indigenous communities due to their different levels concerning their personal regard and effectiveness they have for a punitive court system compared to non-indigenous communities and groups. However, it is acknowledged that restorative justice has no agreed, fixed or set rules and regulations, and therefore it must be emphasised to avoid conflict within communities. Reparation s is a fair and practical way for the offender to repay the harm caused as a result of their offence, either by personally repairing the damage caused or through assisting within the local community. Types of reparation include, as mentioned earlier, a written apology, an oral apology, or financial reparation to the victim. Community reparations involve the offender working within a local community, as a source of punishment and repayment due the detrimental effect their crime had on the community as a whole. In 2001, the Home Office conducted their fourth report concerning their Crime Reduction Programme. Earlier reports highlighted how schemes were implemented, the expectation of the participants who were due to be involved in the scheme in addition to feedback given from those who we previously involved in the scheme, highlight the benefits and rewards that they experienced as a result of restorative justice.. This fourth report focuses on one of the key original aims of the Home Office funding, whether restorative justice reduces re-offending and/or provides value for money. In 2007, Lawrence W Sherman, Professor of Criminology at the University of Cambridge, was assisted in publishing a review of each and every research project, from 1986 to 2005, concerning restorative justice conferencing. The results that came from the publication were considerably constructive, encouraging and optimistic. It found that victims who were assigned to and complete the restorative justice process reported greater ability to return to work, to resume normal daily activities, to sleep better at night. What is also very encouraging is that during the 19 year period of the reports, there were no documented cases or either physical or verbal violence between the two parties involved in the restorative justice process. The reports also emphasised that much of the reluctance is due to the unfamiliarity of the general public towards restorative, with the majority, having little or no knowledge of the procedures involved, due to misconceptions about what it entails, through communication and interaction with others. Restorative justice is considerably more accessible now than it ever has been throughout its history as well as the history of the criminal justice system, together with information about the upbeat views of the victims who have chosen to participate; this is likely to result in increased participation amongst victims, who previously were unwilling to participate. Due to such consistent positive feedback about victim benefits, within the vast majority of cases, helps us conclude that victims will generally benefit from participation whenever they have the opportunity to do so, and should seek to volunteer for restorative justice, as the report shows they have nothing to fear, but a great amount to gain through participation. The reports published also showed differences in the victims feeling prior to and after the meeting with the offender had ta ken place. Feelings differed greatly when considering personal fear of the offender, especially amongst more violent victims; personal self-confidence; level of personal anxiety; sympathy for the offender and the offenders supporters, wishing for their sake also that the crime had never been committed; as well as feelings of trust in others, that had previously been depleted as a result of the criminal ordeal as a victim Family group decision-making Family group decision-making (FGDM) also known as or referred to as family group conferencing (FGC) deals with allowing extended families to meet privately, with no counsellors/staff in the room, to formulate a plan to protect their children families from further neglect and violence. In education, circles and groups provide opportunities for students to share their feelings, build relationships and problem-solve, and when there is wrongdoing, to play an active role in addressing the wrong and making things right Thus, I see restorative justice as a forward-thinking and moving, anticipatory response that strives to understand crime in its modern day social context, challenging us to examine the causes of foundations that lead to criminal actions of violence. The restorative justice approach is based on the supposition that crime has its origins in social conditions, and recognises that offenders themselves have often suffered harm, turning to crime as a result of their personal exper iences. As a result, communities must both take some responsibility for controlling the social condition that significantly contributes to crime, simultaneously working to promote healing. With healing not only crucial to victims, but also to the offender. Equally the rehabilitation of offenders, as well as their re-integration into the community are critical aspects of restorative justice. Offenders are treated respectfully and their needs are addressed. Removing them from the community, or imposing any other severe restrictions, is a last resort. It is thought that the best way to prevent re-offending is re-integration. As a result, restorative justice can be seen to be a positive structure that continues to grow and gain publicity. It is the choice of the victim and the offender to volunteer to be included in the restorative justice programme, and therefore it can be said that a negative aspect concerning restorative justice lies with the victim and the offender, as restorative j ustice is not an issue forced upon a person, but a choice that can have a significant overall effect on not only the lives of the two parties involved, but also on the community as a whole. Another criticism of restorative justice that has been raised is that there is no detailed and precise theory supporting the procedures of restorative justice. For example, some see restorative justice as being vulnerable to biases and prejudice, particularly concerning class and race which could distort the fundamental purposes of restorative justice, instead reinforcing western, white middle-class values. (Delgado, 2000:768) Due to the lack of precise theory surround restorative justice, it is open and vulnerable to criticism. Ashworth and von Hirsch highlight the possible lack of equality and proportionality involved in restorative justice procedures, concerned with the extreme demands of irate victims, however Dalys claims are not supported by evidence or theory, and as a result his hypothese s is not always taken into consideration. Restorative justice is also vulnerable to criticism from opposing politicians and members of the general public, as a result of many believing in the old-fashioned phrase you do the crime, you do the time. Many see restorative justice as a simple option for offenders, causing numerous groups and people to ask the question Why commit the crime in the first place? Numerous members of the general public and several scholars believe that victims should not be pressured into reconciling with the offenders, ultimately ensuring that the general public and offenders separate in order to assure public safety. However I disagree with this view as restorative justice is a voluntary option, not being forced on the victim, it is their own personal choice, and in order for offenders to be fully rehabilitated, they have to accepted and re-integrate with society once their sentence has passed. Re-integration is made considerably simpler if the offender is given the chance and opportunity to come face-to-face with the victim, assisting the offender to realise the impact that their immoral actions have had, not only on the victim, but on close friends and relations. Overall I believe restorative justice to have a positive impact within the criminal justice system, targeting rehabilitation and reform, whilst hoping the offenders do not re-offend. Restorative justice can be seen to be a pro-active method of reducing crime, for the offender, as well as having a positive effect on the victim, helping them overcome any fears they may have had prior to meeting with the offender. Methods and processes of restorative justice continue to go from strength to strength, reforming and rehabilitating more offenders each year, which can simply be described as a move in the right direction for our criminal justice system.

Interview with a High School Counselor Essay -- Counseling

School counseling has evolved over the years into a significant component of the educational system. School counselors are taking on new roles in schools as leaders, working with â€Å"school administration and staff in developing student attitudes and behavior which are necessary to maintain proper control, acceptable standards of self-discipline and a suitable learning environment within the school† (Secondary School Counselor 2012). Counselors work in â€Å"diverse community settings designed to provide a variety of counseling, rehabilitation, and support services† (Counselors, 2010). When working in a school district as a counselor, you can either be an elementary school counselor, middle school counselor or a high school counselor. This essays explores a recent interview with a high school counselor. High school counselors advise students on an assortment of topics. Counselors help from advising students about colleges and requirements to helping students deal with social, behavioral and personal problems. School counselors do not always interact with students individually; they will also work with small groups of students or even an entire class, depending on the topic. According to the American School Counselor Association (ASCA), high school is a time for students to transition into adulthood and the work of work, begin separating from their parents, and exploring and defining their independence. They need guidance in making concrete and compounded decisions. This is where school counselors come in to help these students guide them with information. While interviewing the high school counselor of my choice Mr. Lee Ryland, this learner has learned that Mr. Ryland’s responsibilities as head school counselor i... ...and then peer approval, trying to be accepted in a group. Having strong counselors is a good foundation for a school; these educators are here to help promote academic success. Works Cited Counselors. (2010). United States Department of Labor. Retrieved 2015, from Bureau of Labor Statistics website: http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos067.htm Ekchian, V. K. (Ed.). (2010, December). Los Angeles Unified School District Policy Bulletin. Professional Growth Manual.(2013). Renew a professional clear credential. Retrieved from California Commission on Teacher Credentialing website: http://www.svusd.k12.ca.us/resources/pg_manual_multsingsubj.pdf Secondary School Counselor. (2012). Los Angeles Unified School District. Retrieved from http://www.teachinla.com/research/class_descriptions/0533.pdf Ryland, L. (2015, February). Professional Counselor Interview.